Turabian manual of style citations

Two or more books by the same author Footnote or Endnote Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! New York: W. Norton, , Norton, , Bibliography Arrange the entries alphabetically by title Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! Norton, After the first entry, replace the author's name with six hyphens The Story of American Freedom.

Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book Bibliography Appleby, Joyce Oldham. Electronic Books Section If you used a book from a library ebook collection, give the name of the database instead of a URL. If you download a book in a format that requires a specific app or device, include that information e. For ebooks without page numbers, you can cite a chapter or section number see Access dates are not needed for formally published electronic sources Burke's Attack on the French Revolution, Part 1 , ed.

Moncure Daniel Conway London: G. Bibliography Paine, Thomas. Rights of Man: Being an Answer to Mr. Burke's Attack on the French Revolution, Part 1.

Edited by Moncure Daniel Conway. London: G. Putnam, Footnote or Endnote Bibliography Fruchtman, Jack. Thomas Paine: Apostle of Freedom. Bradford, February 14, ; Project Gutenberg, , chap. Common Sense. Philadelphia: W. Bradford, February 14, ; Project Gutenberg, Section You do not need not include them in your bibliography, although you may choose to include a specific work that is critical to your argument or frequently cited.

Within the note, you may omit the facts of publication, but you must specify the edition if not the first, or unless no edition is specified. Items consulted online will require a URL see For a work arranged by key terms such as a dictionary or encyclopedia, cite the item not the volume or page number preceded by s. Edition and volume numbers in reference works: If volumes are not individually titled For reference works in library subscription databases Footnote or Endnote Use s. Encyclopaedia Britannica , s.

Bibliography No bibliography entry is needed for well-known reference works Footnote or Endnote Bibliography Grossman, Mark. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Footnote or Endnote print reference work Paul Finkelman Dallas: Schlager Group, , Bibliography Holmes, Michael Allen.

Dallas: Schlager Group, Journals For articles consulted online, include an access date and a URL. If you retrieved the article from a library database, you may give the name of the database instead of a URL. You can usually omit an initial The in journal, magazine, and newspaper titles.

Article from a database Footnote or Endnote Robert Lamb. Basic Web Page B. Web Page No Author C. Movies B. Television and Radio Programs C. Image from Electronic Source B. Lectures C. Scriptural References E. Secondary Sources F. Government Publications G. Theses and Dissertations H. Annotated Bibliography I. Turabian When Kate L.

Yet while the ways in which we research and compose papers may have changed, the fundamentals remain the same: writers need to have a strong research question, construct an evidence-based argument, cite their sources, and structure their work in a logical way.

This new edition filters decades of expertise into modern standards. While previous editions incorporated digital forms of research and writing, this edition goes even further to build information literacy, recognizing that most students will be doing their work largely or entirely online and on screens. Chapters include updated advice on finding, evaluating, and citing a wide range of digital sources and also recognize the evolving use of software for citation management, graphics, and paper format and submission.

The ninth edition is fully aligned with the recently released Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition, as well as with the latest edition of The Craft of Research. Teachers and users of the previous editions will recognize the familiar three-part structure. Part 1 covers every step of the research and writing process, including drafting and revising.

Part 3 gets into matters of editorial style and the correct way to present quotations and visual material. A Manual for Writers also covers an issue familiar to writers of all levels: how to conquer the fear of tackling a major writing project. These two systems are also sometimes referred to as Chicago-style citations, because they are the same as the ones presented in The Chicago Manual of Style. If you already know which system to use, follow one of the links above to see sample citations for a variety of common sources.

Otherwise, read on. Sample notes show full citations followed by shortened forms that would be used after the first citation. Sample bibliography entries follow the notes. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 16 and 17 of Turabian. For examples of the same citations using the author-date system, go to Author-Date: Sample Citations.

Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. Oakland: University of California Press, In a note, cite specific pages. In the bibliography, include the page range for the chapter or part. Rowlandson, Mary. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, The Making of the American Essay. Jhumpa Lahiri, In Other Words , trans. Knopf, , Lahiri, Jhumpa. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein.

New York: Alfred A. Knopf, For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the notes or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers.

Fyodor Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment , trans. Constance Garnett, ed.