The best method of teaching english pdf

Who are TJ Taylor? An Overview Each teaching method is based on a particular vision of understanding the language or the learning process, often using specific techniques and materials used in a set sequence. The main methodologies are listed below in the chronological order of their development: Grammar Translation — the classical method Direct Method — discovering the importance of speaking Audio-lingualism — the first modern methodology Humanistic Approaches — a range of holistic methods applied to language learning Communicative Language Teaching — the modern standard method Principled Eclecticism — fitting the method to the learner, not the learner to the method Embed this image View large version From TJ Taylor blog What are the Differences?

The more common methods have a link to a separate page with more details and an explanation of how they work, including the most common method currently used — Communicative Language Teaching: Method Focus Characteristics Grammar Translation Written literary texts.

English speaking delayed until students are ready; meaning clarified through actions and visuals. Understanding of English through active student interaction; role play, games, information gaps.

Find this useful? She then moved to New Zealand for another two years before returning to her chosen home country, Japan, where she currently lives. Now, with more than eight years of professional English teaching experience, Johanna enjoys her expat life in Japan teaching teenagers at a private junior and senior high school, where she recently received tenure after only two years.

Want more articles like this one and other TEFL resources delivered right to your inbox? Stay in our orbit Sign up for our weekly newsletter! Oral work was minimal, and students ucation were instead required to memorize grammatical rules and apply these to decode written texts in the target lan- 1. This tradition-inspired method became known as the grammar-translation method. Latin had for many centuries been the dominant language of education, commerce, religion, Innovation in foreign language teaching began in the 19th and government in much of the Western world, but it century and became very rapid in the 20th century.

John Amos Comenius was one of ods, each trying to be a major improvement over the pre- many people who tried to reverse this trend. He com- vious or contemporary methods. Army in World War II.

One reason for this situation is that proponents of new methods have been so sure that their ideas are so new and so correct that they could not conceive that the older ones have enough validity to cause controversy.

These methods follow from the basic empiricist position that They worked on setting language teaching principles and language acquisition basically results from habits formed approaches based on linguistic and psychological theo- by conditioning and drilling.

Very few students in U. With native English speakers can read and assess information these methods, students generate original and meaningful written in languages other than English. Even a number sentences to gain a functional knowledge of the rules of of famous linguists are monolingual. Given that hu- discrepancy between these cases and the failure of most man languages share many common traits, the idea is that language programs, which helps make the research of humans share a universal grammar which is built into our second language acquisition emotionally charged.

Older brain structure. The rivalry of the two camps is in- and promoted as the only and complete solution to the tense, with little communication or cooperation between problem of the high failure rates of foreign language stu- them. Main article: Methods of teaching foreign languages 1. Examples of structural methods are grammar trans- Language education may take place as a general school lation and the audio-lingual method.

Such are derived from the controlling method, and less directly, from the approach. There are many methods of teaching languages. The course itself acts as a teacher and has to choose a methodology, just as classroom teachers do.

An approach is a set of assumptions about the nature of 1. Such have pauses for the learner to speak. Others are continu- can be related to second language acquisition theory. The structural view treats language as a system of used in classroom teaching, and have been produced on structurally related elements to code meaning e.

Most audio recordings teach words in the target language 2. The simplest books This approach has been fairly dominant since the are phrasebooks to give useful short phrases for travelers, s.

More complete books include more vocabulary, A method is a plan for presenting the language material grammar, exercises, translation, and writing practice. In order for an approach to be translated into a entering the market in recent years. Some software records the learner, analyzes the pro- 2. Speech synthesis or text to speech TTS sites and concepts are mastered. Software can pronounce words in the target lan- speaker. The only language in 4. Course development and learning management sys- such software is the target language.

Websites provide various services geared toward lan- 5. Web conferencing tools can bring remote learners guage education. Elluminate Live. Players of computer games can practice a target lan- 1. Some software runs on the web itself, with the ad- guage when interacting in massively multiplayer on- vantage of avoiding downloads, and the disadvan- line games and virtual worlds.

In , the virtual tage of requiring an internet connection. Some publishers use the web to distribute audio, ing developed. Some Internet content is free, often from government 4. Some is ad- speaker who wants to learn English with a native En- supported, such as newspapers and YouTube. Some re- glish speaker who wants to learn Spanish. Language quires a payment. Users typically contact each other via chat, VoIP, or 1. Language exchanges have also been viewed as a helpful tool to aid language learning at language Language learning strategies have attracted increasing fo- schools.

Listening to understand is one level of listening but focused listening[16] is not some- 1. All countries have websites in their own languages, thing that most learners employ as a strategy. In a study conducted by the Center for Applied Lin- 1. With the help of ing text to learn grammar and discourse styles can also be the internet, students are readily exposed to foreign employed.

There are: listening, speaking, reading and writing. In addition, more general learning skills such as e. However, since then, it has been recognized that we generally use more than one skill at a 1. This is due to the fact that it is considered harder to teach and test. There are numerous texts on Code switching, that is, changing between languages at teaching and testing writing but relatively few on speak- some point in a sentence or utterance, is a commonly ing. While traditional methods of formal in- working with other students in pairs and groups, some- struction often discourage code switching, students, es- times the entire class.

Pair and group work give oppor- pecially those placed in a language immersion situation, tunities for more students to participate more actively. If viewed as a learning strategy, wherein However, supervision of pairs and groups is important the student uses the target language as much as possi- to make sure everyone participates as equally as possible. The mother tongue equivalent can be given almost as an aside, with a slight 1.

When modeling a dialogue sentence for students to re- 1. It has been a major let me try. For example, playing a card game that requires calling for cards may allow blended learning of numbers Main article: Mother tongue mirroring 1 to Such a holiday often combines for- word translation for pedagogical purposes. The aim is mal lessons, cultural excursions, leisure activities, and a to make foreign constructions salient and transparent to homestay, perhaps with time to travel in the country af- learners and, in many cases, spare them the technical jar- terwards.

Language study holidays are popular across Eu- gon of grammatical analysis. As a didactic countries. These holidays have become increasingly more device, it can only be used to the extent that it remains popular in Central and South America in such countries intelligible to the learner, unless it is combined with a as Guatemala, Ecuador and Peru.

As a consequence of normal idiomatic translation. This technique is seldom this increasing popularity, several international language referred to or used these days. This is also evident in businesses outsourcing their departments to Eastern Europe. Main article: Back-chaining Back-chaining is a technique used in teaching oral lan- 1.

Then the teacher will repeat it with -sorg- inclusion in global information society. Rote repetition, drilling, memorisa- 1. Rodgers Ap- proaches and Methods in Language Teaching. ISBN Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House. Retrieved 17 July Retrieved 5 August ForeignLanguageExper- This article is about travel-teaching. Retrieved 3 May Language Guide. Retrieved 17 July Framework of Reference for Languages. Sho; Doty, Christopher 14 March Center for Applied Linguistics. June Retrieved 15 July Le Monde.

Retrieved 15 July language education in late modern China: A Critical Strategic Language [17] Andrew Weiler: strategy of reading Learning. World En- glishes. English language teaching. Retrieved April 4, , from World Englishes Vol. Retrieved April 1. Life in language im- mersion classrooms. Retrieved gual Matters, Ltd. Review of Educational Research, 55 4 , — Routes into Languages. Retrieved 26 June Cambridge, Mass.

Archived from the original ers. Theoretical and con- Second Language Learning July Re- cation pp. Clevedon, England: Multilin- trieved 26 June Lessons from U. Swain Eds. Topics such as movies and hobbies may take a back seat to things like booking a hotel or describing work experience.

Nevertheless, there are common skills in all fields, such as saying your name or providing personal information. Therefore, assessment should be based upon what students actually achieved. Examples of these assessments include writing an email for a job application or arranging a time for an interview. For beginners, 10 words would make for a great lesson.

Activities can range from matching pictures and definitions to working with dialogues. An advanced twist could be to describe their favorite seasons, or even speculate about what they could do in the summer or winter. The sky truly is the limit. Since just about everyone has some sort of internet access or data plan, banning smartphones may end up being a lost opportunity to further enhance learning experiences.

Love them or hate them, smartphones are a part of modern life. Many teachers consider them to be a distraction since most students hate to part with them.

Is there a common ground? Smartphones provide many useful tools for students such as dictionary, translator and grammar reference apps. Aside from translations, WordReference has a thesaurus, English dictionary and a forum where other users can comment on difficult words or expressions.

A good example of how smartphones enhance classroom learning is the scavenger hunt exercise.